The rise of cryptocurrency has had a major impact on the global financial system, sparking discussions about regulation across different governments. While some countries recognize its potential and have introduced supportive laws, others have imposed strict regulations—or even outright bans. These different approaches end up balancing security risks, and protecting investors from financial crimes, while still encouraging innovation. As a result, access to digital currency is regulated differently across regions for both individuals and businesses. Countries that Advocate For Crypto Use Many countries have embraced cryptocurrencies, each tailoring its approach to fit its unique economic landscape. Let’s analyze how Switzerland and El Salvador have adopted policies supporting cryptocurrency using examples of these two nations. The bold decision made in September of 2021 by El Salvador captured global headlines. The country became the first to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender alongside the US dollar. The government had the vision of improving economic growth and financial inclusion. bold decision made in September of 2021 by El Salvador captured global headlines To encourage adoption, the government introduced the “Chivo Wallet,” a digital platform for Bitcoin transactions, even offering a $30 incentive. While early numbers looked promising, it was surprising to find that only 20% of restaurants and supermarkets accept Bitcoin. 20% 20% Switzerland has earned its reputation as a "crypto-friendly" nation thanks to its clear regulations and banking policies. The country's financial regulator, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA), has established comprehensive guidelines for cryptocurrency businesses, covering key areas like anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) policies. Moreover, PostFinance is not the only Swiss bank venturing into cryptocurrency; other major institutions also accept crypto for storage and trading purposes. These developments, coupled with Switzerland's political environment, have contributed to the rising number of blockchain technology companies helping to develop crypto networks for investments. Regions Where Crypto Use is Heavily Regulated Countries with strict cryptocurrency regulations include the United States, Japan, and those within the European Union. Each has its own set of policies, but the U.S. stands out as the most complex. With multiple governing bodies overseeing crypto regulations, there’s often a grey area around which authority is responsible for what. cryptocurrency regulations The SEC, for example, governs all cryptocurrency transactions that are classed as securities, stating a need for registration and full disclosure of details associated with the currency. However, other governing bodies like CFTC consider Bitcoin and Ether as crypto commodities and govern the trading market for cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin Ether This overlap in control is tough for investors and companies alike. On the other hand, new movements suggest a shift towards unfettered regulations after the SEC agreed to public conversations revolving around crypto assets on March 21. The EU’s preemptive approach concerning the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) Regulation seeks to unify cryptocurrency regulations within the region. It provides a single licensing and supervision framework for crypto-asset issuers and service providers monitoring multiple tokens like Bitcoin and stablecoins. MiCA MiCA gives focus to non-crypto-related issues like transparency, protection of consumers, and integrity of children’s markets. The imposing date of the regulation was December 30, 2024, the date when steps towards achieving common crypto regulation in Europe were initiated. The uniqueness of Japan’s cryptocurrency policies is that they came into effect much earlier and were implemented more thoroughly. FSA imposes strict AML and KYC regulations on cryptocurrency exchanges, which forces them to register with the Agency. From a different angle, Japan's approach appears to be an attempt to eliminate risks to consumers and promote prudent financial practices. Japan’s model is credited with providing effective regulation that balances innovation in the crypto sphere with preserving and protecting the interests of investors. Countries that have imposed complete bans on crypto-assets Exploring different approaches to cryptocurrency regulation helps us better understand how to navigate the crypto world. Let’s take a closer look at the perspectives from India and China. China: Total Prohibition of Cryptocurrency Activity In 2021, China enacted a comprehensive prohibition on all cryptocurrency activities, including trading and mining. This effectively rendered any crypto business illegal in the country, precipitating a steep decline in the country’s Bitcoin hash rate and the subsequent movement of crypto exchanges out of China. 2021 2021 India: Half-Baked Policy with Obnoxious Taxation In this sense, India has a less friendly policy stance. Their position is that while it is not completely banned, its usage is greatly curtailed. It is true that in 2022 the government imposed a 30% income tax on the profits accruing from the disposal of crypto assets. In addition to this, there is also a 1% TDS levied on payments that exceed ₹50,000. Such policies are likely to shrink the pool of active retail investors while increasing administrative burden. 30% 30% 1% 1% ₹50,000 ₹50,000 Despite these problems, India has positioned itself as the most prominent adopter of cryptocurrency in the world. In 2024, India topped the list in the Global Crypto Adoption Index, indicating a surge in cryptocurrency usage, especially in smaller towns where citizens are looking for other investment options amid economic volatility. topped the list topped the list Developing Regulatory Movements While looking into the new developments in finance, it is crucial to pay attention to the updating regulations concerning the digital currency world. 1. The Emergence of Stablecoins and CBDCs Digital markets have witnessed an increase in Stablecoins; these are digital currencies tied to fiat currencies. Also, global transactions with stablecoins are projected to increase by 70% somewhere in 2025 which would push the market cap of stablecoins to somewhere above $400 billion. 70% 70% $400 billion $400 billion In response, central banks around the world are working on having their own digital currency. At least 134 countries (98% of the whole economy) are looking at the options of having a CBDC by the September 2024 mark. Moreover, China has done ample pilot work, its digital Yuan transactions are sprinting to 1 trillion dollars. 2. Increasing KYC & AML Requirements In striving to mitigate illegitimate financial activities, one is scrutinizing the KYC and AML procedures. Financial institutions are expected to bulk their bust AML budgets in 2025 showing the continuous growth of focus on strong authentication and transaction scrutiny. in 2025 in 2025 3. Systematic Regulation Initiative World nations are working on aligning the laws associated with cryptocurrency to make it easier for its taxation across borders. This is done through the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) framework, which intends to foster synergy in the crypto industry by creating better compliance strategies to improve transparency and security in the industry. Conclusion Various parts of the world are handling crypto regulations in different manners. Some areas have developed strategies for the integration of digital assets into the economy, while others impose harsh rules or even bans. There seems to be a broad focus on the enhancement of security, the protection of consumers, and the fight against money laundering. Meanwhile, the discussion regarding the proposals for a universal set of governing laws is picking up momentum. As these changes unfold, staying attentive will be important in order to take advantage of opportunities and avoid the risks that exist with cryptocurrency.

The is an opinion piece based on the author’s POV and does not necessarily reflect the views of HackerNoon.

How Different Countries Are Embracing—or Rejecting—Cryptocurrency

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