是一种广泛使用的 数据库管理系统，它提供了多种特性，例如可扩展性、高性能和灵活性。 MongoDB NoSQL 但是，用户在设置 时需要记住的一个重要方面是默认情况下不启用身份验证功能。 MongoDB 这意味着当您使用 为 创建新容器时，您将需要手动启用身份验证以确保只有授权用户才能访问数据库。 docker-compose MongoDB 但是使用 等工具设置外部依赖项的全部意义在于尽可能自动化一切以节省宝贵的时间。 docker-compose 在这篇快速文章中，我们将看到如何启用身份验证并通过 自动创建自定义用户/密码。 docker-compose 示例项目 我将展示一个用 编写的示例项目： Go 使用 提供一个 实例； docker-compose MongoDB 使用 为给定的数据库创建自定义用户和密码； Javascript 使用上述凭据连接到 实例。 MongoDB docker-compose.yaml version: "3.9" services: mongodb: container_name: mongodb-sample image: mongo:latest restart: always ports: - "27017:27017" volumes: - mongodb-data:/data/db - ./db/mongo-init.js:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/mongo-init.js env_file: - .env command: [--auth] volumes: mongodb-data: 在 文件中， 键用于指定容器启动时应在容器内运行的命令。对于 容器，命令密钥的一种常见用途是通过将 选项传递给 进程来启用身份验证。 Docker Compose command MongoDB --auth mongod 当 选项传递给 mongod 进程时，它会启用对 实例的身份验证。这意味着用户将需要提供有效的凭据（用户名和密码）才能访问数据库。 --auth MongoDB 如果没有身份验证，任何有权访问 实例的人都可能访问、修改或删除敏感数据，这可能会导致严重的安全漏洞。 MongoDB 我们通过运行将 文件复制到容器中 db/mongo-init.js - ./db/mongo-init.js:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/mongo-init.js。 MongoDB JavaScript 用户/通行证创建文件 数据库/mongo-init.js db = db.getSiblingDB('sample_db') db.createUser({ user: 'some_user', pwd: 'random_pass', roles: [ { role: 'dbOwner', db: 'sample_db', }, ], }); 生成文件 SHELL = /bin/bash DOCKER_MONGODB=docker exec -it mongodb-sample mongosh -u $(ADMIN_USER) -p $(ADMIN_PASSWORD) --authenticationDatabase admin DOCKER_MONGODB_WITH_CUSTOM_CREDS=docker exec -it mongodb-sample mongosh -u $(DB_USER) -p $(DB_PASS) --authenticationDatabase $(DB_NAME) .PHONY: help ## help: shows this help message help: @ echo "Usage: make [target]" @ sed -n 's/^##//p' ${MAKEFILE_LIST} | column -t -s ':' | sed -e 's/^/ /' .PHONY: setup-db ## setup-db: sets up MongoDB setup-db: export ADMIN_USER=admin setup-db: export ADMIN_PASSWORD=f3MdBEcz setup-db: @ echo "Setting up MongoDB..." @ docker-compose up -d mongodb @ until $(DOCKER_MONGODB) --eval 'db.getUsers()' >/dev/null 2>&1 && exit 0; do \ >&2 echo "MongoDB not ready, sleeping for 5 secs..."; \ sleep 5 ; \ done @ echo "... MongoDB is up and running!" .PHONY: mongodb-console ## mongodb-console: opens MongoDB console mongodb-console: export DB_USER=some_user mongodb-console: export DB_PASS=random_pass mongodb-console: export DB_NAME=sample_db mongodb-console: @ ${DOCKER_MONGODB_WITH_CUSTOM_CREDS} .PHONY: run ## run: runs the application run: setup-db @ go run cmd/main.go .PHONY: cleanup ## cleanup: removes MongoDB and associated volumes cleanup: @ docker-compose down @ docker volume rm $$(docker volume ls -q) .PHONY: test ## test: runs unit tests test: @ go test -v ./... 由 目标调用的 目标不断尝试连接到 ，以便 主程序可以安全地尝试连接到它。 run setup-db MongoDB Go 连接到 MongoDB .env MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME=admin MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD=f3MdBEcz MONGODB_DATABASE=sample_db MONGODB_USER=some_user MONGODB_PASSWORD=random_pass MONGODB_HOST_NAME=localhost MONGODB_PORT=27017 配置/config.go // Copyright (c) 2023 Tiago Melo. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by the MIT License that can be found in // the LICENSE file. package config import ( "github.com/joho/godotenv" "github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig" "github.com/pkg/errors" ) // Config holds all configuration needed by this app. type Config struct { MongoDbUser string `envconfig:"MONGODB_USER"` MongoDbPassword string `envconfig:"MONGODB_PASSWORD"` MongoDbDatabase string `envconfig:"MONGODB_DATABASE"` MongoDbHostName string `envconfig:"MONGODB_HOST_NAME"` MongoDbPort int `envconfig:"MONGODB_PORT"` } var ( godotenvLoad = godotenv.Load envconfigProcess = envconfig.Process ) func ReadConfig() (*Config, error) { if err := godotenvLoad(); err != nil { return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "loading env vars") } config := new(Config) if err := envconfigProcess("", config); err != nil { return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "processing env vars") } return config, nil } 数据库/mongodb.go // Copyright (c) 2023 Tiago Melo. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by the MIT License that can be found in // the LICENSE file. package db import ( "context" "fmt" "github.com/pkg/errors" "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo" "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options" ) type MongoDb struct { database string client *mongo.Client } // For ease of unit testing. var ( connect = func(ctx context.Context, client *mongo.Client) error { return client.Connect(ctx) } ping = func(ctx context.Context, client *mongo.Client) error { return client.Ping(ctx, nil) } ) // ConnectToMongoDb connects to a running MongoDB instance. func ConnectToMongoDb(ctx context.Context, user, pass, host, database string, port int) (*MongoDb, error) { client, err := mongo.NewClient(options.Client().ApplyURI( uri(user, pass, host, database, port), )) if err != nil { return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create MongoDB client") } err = connect(ctx, client) if err != nil { return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to connect to MongoDB server") } err = ping(ctx, client) if err != nil { return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to ping MongoDB server") } return &MongoDb{ database: database, client: client, }, nil } // uri generates uri string for connecting to MongoDB. func uri(user, pass, host, database string, port int) string { const format = "mongodb://%s:%s@%s:%d/%s" return fmt.Sprintf(format, user, pass, host, port, database) } 命令/main.go // Copyright (c) 2023 Tiago Melo. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by the MIT License that can be found in // the LICENSE file. package main import ( "context" "fmt" "os" "github.com/pkg/errors" "github.com/tiagomelo/docker-mongodb-custom-user-pass/config" "github.com/tiagomelo/docker-mongodb-custom-user-pass/db" ) func run() error { ctx := context.Background() config, err := config.ReadConfig() if err != nil { return errors.Wrap(err, "reading config") } _, err = db.ConnectToMongoDb(ctx, config.MongoDbUser, config.MongoDbPassword, config.MongoDbHostName, config.MongoDbDatabase, config.MongoDbPort, ) if err != nil { return errors.Wrap(err, "connecting to MongoDB") } fmt.Println("successfully connected to MongoDB.") return nil } func main() { if err := run(); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) os.Exit(1) } } 运行它 $ make run Setting up MongoDB.. [+] Running 3/3 ⠿ Network docker-mongodb-custom-user-pass_default Created 0.0s ⠿ Volume "docker-mongodb-custom-user-pass_mongodb-data" Created 0.0s ⠿ Container mongodb-sample Started 0.3s MongoDB not ready, sleeping for 5 secs... ... MongoDB is up and running! successfully connected to MongoDB.. “成功连接到MongoDB”。消息指出我们能够连接到它。 MongoDB 外壳访问 $ make mongodb-console Current Mongosh Log ID: 645955b82bcce4a09d59bda3 Connecting to: mongodb://<credentials>@127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&authSource=sample_db&appName=mongosh+1.8.2 Using MongoDB: 6.0.5 Using Mongosh: 1.8.2 For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/ test> use sample_db switched to db sample_db sample_db> 下载源代码 这里：https: //github.com/tiagomelo/docker-mongodb-custom-user-pass
